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9. China and Japan between the Wars
I. China: Nationalists and Communists A. Aftermath of the 1911 - Union League became the People’s National Party > Nationalists - Sun Yat-sen was unable to gain control over much of the country which was dominated by local “war lords”
B. Collaboration with the Communists Party 1. Chinese Communist Party (CCP) was founded in 1921 - its members joined the Nationalists - Chiang Kai-shek succeeded Sun Yat-sen in 1925 and campaigned against the northern war lords
C. Turn Against the CCP 1. Many Nationalists resented the CCP for compromises made by Sun Yat-Sen
2. Chiang Kai-shek purged the Nationalists of Communists > many were killed, others fled to Hunan
D. Mao Zedong (1893-1976) - CCP leader - gained the support of the peasants - built up the Red Army - the Long March (1934- 1936) - settled in Yanan where Mao continued to develop an interpretation of Marxism that represented Chinese experience
II. Japanese Invasion of China A. Foreign Policy > Imperialistic Expansion - Sino Japanese War (1894-1895) > Taiwan; Rijukyu Islands; Kwantung Peninsula acquired - Russo-Japanese War (1904-1905) > vs. Russian expansion into Manchuria - Korea annexed in 1910
B. Invasion of China -1931 Manchurian Crisis vs. Chinese nationalistic assertion in the region; establishment of the puppet state of Manchukuo -1937 War with China due to Japan’s southward expansion - 1940 military alliance sealed with Germany and Italy
C. Nationalists and CCP vs, Japan - in 1937 the Nationalists and Communists joined together vs. the Japanese invaders, but hostilities remained
III. Chinese Civil War (1946-1949) - after WWII, the Civil War ended in a CCP victory - Chiang retreated to Taiwan and established the Republic of China
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